TechStrix : May 2020

ARD-U-KNOW??

Introduction

Arduino is an open-source platform used for building electronics projects. Arduino consists of both a physical programmable circuit board (often referred to as a microcontroller ) and a piece of software, or IDE (Integrated Development Environment ) that runs on your computer, used to write and upload computer code to the physical board.

It is cost effective and quite low as compared with raspberry-pi and Nvidia Jetson

It was invented in 2003 by Massimo Banzi, with David Mellis, another IDII student, and David Cuartielles, added support for the cheaper ATmega 8 microcontroller to wiring .

The UNO is one of the most popular board among the Arduino boards.

Key Features:

The key features are:

→ Arduino boards are able to read analog or digital input signals from different sensors and turn it into an output such as activating a motor, turning LED on/off, connect to the cloud and many other actions.

→ You can control your board functions by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board via Arduino IDE (referred to as uploading software).

→ Unlike most previous programmable circuit boards, Arduino does not need an extra piece of hardware (called a programmer) in order to load a new code onto the board. You can simply use a USB cable.

→ Additionally, the Arduino IDE uses a simplified version of C++, making it easier to learn to program.

→ Finally, Arduino provides a standard form factor that breaks the functions of the micro-controller into a more accessible package.

NOTE:- At a time,only one programme can be runned on arduino.

Downloading software:

FOR LAPTOP / DESKTOP: LINK 1

FOR MOBILE(ANDROID): LINK 2

What's on the board ?

There are many varieties of Arduino boards that can be used for different purposes . Some boards look a bit different from the one below , but most Arduinos have the majority of these components in common .

Image of Arduino UNO

(1) Power USB - Through it we can supply power in to it by our computer or any USB jack.

(2) Barrel Jack - Through it we can supply power into it by wall power supply that is terminated in a barrel jack.

* Note - Do not use a power supply greater than 20 volts as you will overpower (and thereby destroy ) your Arduino . The recommended voltage for most Arduino models is between 6 and 12 volts.

(3) GND - Short for 'Ground'. There are several GND pins on the Arduino, any of which can be used to ground your circuit .

(4) 5v & (5) 3.3v - The 5v pin supplies 5 volts of power, and the 3.3v pin supplies 3.3 volts of power. Most of the simple components used with the Arduino run happily off of 5 or 3.3 volts.

(6) Analog - The area of pins under the 'Analog In' label (A0 through A5 on the UNO) are Analog In pins. These pins can read the signal from an Analog sensor (like a temperature sensor) and convert it into a digital value that we can read.

(7) Digital - These pins can be used for both digital input (like telling if a button is pushed ) and digital output (like powering an LED) . It is numbered from 0 to 13 on the UNO.

(8) PWM - You may have noticed the tilde (~) next to some of the digital pins(3,5,6,9,10 and 11 on the UNO). These pins act as normal digital pins, but can also be used for something called Pulse width Modulation (PWM) .

(9) AREF - Stands for Analog Reference. It is sometimes used to set an external reference voltage (between 0 and 5 volts) as the upper limit for the analog input pins.

(10) Reset Button - Pushing it will temporarily connect the reset pin to ground and restart any code that is loaded on the Arduino . This can be very useful if your code doesn't repeat, but you want to test it multiple times.

(11) Power LED Indicator - This LED should light up whenever you plug your Arduino into a power source . If this light doesn't turn on, there's a good chance something is wrong. Time to re-check your circuit !

(12) TX RX LEDs - Tx is short for transmit, RX is short for receive. These markings appear quiet a bit in electronics to indicate the pins responsible for serial communication. In our case, these are two places on the Arduino UNO where TX and RX appear -- once by digital pins 0 and 1, and a second time next to the TX and RX indicator LEDs. These LEDs will give us some nice visual indications whenever our Arduino is receiving or transmitting data (like when we're loading a new program onto the board).

(13) Main IC- The Black things with all the metal legs is an IC,or integrated circuit . Think of it as the brains of our Arduino. The main IC on the Arduino is slightly different from board type to board type, but is usually from the ATmega line of IC's from the ATMEL company. This can be important as you may need to know the IC type (along with your board type) before loading up a new program from the Arduino software. This information can usually be found in writing on the top side of the IC. If you want to know more about the difference between various IC's reading the datasheets is often a good idea.

(14) Voltage Regulator - It controls the amount of voltage that is let into the Arduino board. Think of it as a kind of gatekeeper ; it will turn away an extra voltage that might harm the circuit. Of course, it has its limits, so don't hook up your Arduino to anything greater than 20 volts.

Can it be connected to internet?

yes ,There are two ways in which an Ethernet connected Arduino can be setup:
As Web Server, the Arduino acts as a web server which can be accessed from the internet. Commands can be sent to the Arduino and it can control things around the house. It can also be used to display information such as sensor readings on a web page or send stores files.
A a Client, the Arduino acts as a web client and post data to a database stored on a remote server. This is particularly useful for data logging or handling large amounts of information.

Types of Arduino

Arduino makes several different boards, each with different capabilities. some of them are listed below:

Arduino UNO (R3)

The UNO is a great choice for your first Arduino. It's got everything you need to get started, and nothing you don't . It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs) , 6 analog inputs, a power jack, a reset button and more. It contains everything needed to support the micro-controller ; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a Ac-to-Dc adapter or battery to get started.

LilyPad ad Arduino

This is LilyPad Arduino main board! LilyPad is a wearable e-textile technology. Each LilyPad was creatively designed with large connecting pads and a flat back to allow them to be sewn into clothing with conductive thread. The LilyPad also has its own family of input, output, power, and sensor boards that are also built specifically for e-textiles. They're even washable!

Red Board

It is the simplest of all types of Arduino board to code in. It can be programmed over a USB mini-B cable using the Arduino IDE. It'll work on Windows 8 without having to change your security settings .

Arduino Mega R3

It is like the big brother of UNO's. It gots the number of digital input/output pins and it contains everything needed to support the microcontroller .

Arduino Leonardo

The Leonardo is Arduino's first development board to use one microcontroller with built-in USB. This means it can be cheaper and simple. Also, because the board is handling USB directly, code libraries are available which allow the board to emulate a computer keyboard, mouse, and more.

Additional Gadgets we can Use

(1) Sensors -

With some simple code, the Arduino can control and interact with a wide variety of sensors - things that can measure, light, temperature, degree of flex, pressure, proximity, acceleration, carbon monoxide, radioactivity, humidity, barometric pressure, you name it, you can sense it !

(2) Shields -

Additionally, there are these things called Shields -- basically they are pre-built circuit boards that fit on the top of your Arduino and provide additional capabilities -- controlling motors, connecting to the Internet, providing cellular or other wireless communication, controlling and LCD screen , and much more.

Please give your love and support(subscribe) and your suggestions about what all you want from us. We will try to write next blog on it

Desktop

Laptop

Computer is among one of the greatest inventions of human beings. After the invention of computer it became very easier for us to do our work. But when we go to buy a computer a question always arise in our mind that should we buy a laptop or a desktop.

So, here I have mentioned some of the pores and cons of laptop and desktop. Hope it will help you to take a proper decision .

1. Mobility :-

One of the biggest advantage that we get in a laptop is it's mobility. We can carry it and take it to place to place and can do our work wherever we want but in desktop we can't do this.

2. External parts:-

In laptop we do not require any external devices to run it and can do our work whereas in desktop we require several devices like C.P.U , keyboard , mouse to run it.

3. Use without electric current :-

Once a laptop is fully charge we can use it without electric supply until it's gets discharge but in desktop we need a power supply to run it.

4. Space required to keep:-

A laptop requires smaller place to keep it and we can change it's position according to our need anytime but in a desktop we need a bigger space to keep it and changing its position is quiet a difficult task to do.

5. Repairing :-

Once your laptops parts gets bad , repairing it's parts is quiet difficult and costly whereas in desktop it is easy to repair it's parts.

6. Upgrading the configuration:-

Upgrading the configuration of a laptop is difficult and we cannot even upgrade it's all parts but in desktop we can upgrade almost all its parts.

7. Having the higher version faster:-

Whenever we have a higher version of any hardware parts fist it is made for desktop and then it is made for laptop . So you can enjoy higher version of hardware faster in desktop .

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Arduino UNO.